The evolution of 5G

I just saw an article about what 5G is, and I have a new understanding of 5G, and I will share with you.

"The first human 5G remote human surgery was completed." The patient was located in Beijing, and the doctor actually operated in Hainan. Over 3,000 kilometers, he completed a Parkinson's "pacer" implantation operation by manipulating a 5G remote robotic arm.

Without much emotion, 5G technology is really too strong. From the above example, we can see that the characteristics of 5G technology are: fast speed and low latency.

To talk about 5G, we must start with its ancestor 1G:

1G

The core of 1G is analog language calls. Based on AMPS technology, it can basically be understood as a single call mode for communication between two people, and the signal and transmission quality are not particularly good. Is like when you play a game You may often encounter a card-by-card situation, or data loss.

2G

At this time, in order to better transmission efficiency and call quality, 2G appeared. The core technology of 2G is digital signals. Digital signals are much more efficient than analog signals, the transmission distance is longer, and the ability to resist noise is stronger.

3G

However, the transmission of speech alone cannot meet the needs of human beings. 3G uses CDMA high-frequency technology to bring communication technology to the next level. It can not only transmit sounds and messages over thousands of miles, but also transmit pictures over thousands of miles. The key to using electromagnetic wave communication technology The point is: increase the frequency of electromagnetic waves, the higher the frequency, the higher the transmission rate. For example: there are several kilometers from point A to point C. If there are 3 stations on the way, the transmission will be slower because of the loss problem. If there are 30 stations, data can be guaranteed to be transmitted all the time and fast transmission without interruption. From 2G intermediate frequency to 3G high frequency to 4G ultra high frequency, the increase in frequency has created an increase in speed.

4G

4G is not only increasing the frequency to ultra high frequency, but also increasing the speed. It has also developed many high-speed transmission technologies, such as MIMO transmission. MIMO transmission is related to antennas. We must know a concept. The higher the frequency, the higher the antenna (mobile phone). The shorter the physical components), you can think of the big brother mobile phones and mobile phones without antennas. If the antenna is shorter, the physical storage space in the mobile phone will be larger, and more antennas can be placed. The virtuous cycle continues. The more antennas in the mobile phone, the better the quality of message transmission.

5G

However, people are not satisfied with the pleasure brought by 4G. The development of 5G technology has raised the frequency of electromagnetic waves to unprecedented heights. A new concept of 5G is: millimeter wave, which has opened the intelligent era of extremely high frequency. It turns out that it can take several hours for people to download a Blu-ray movie, and under 5G technology, it only takes a few seconds to complete. With the virtuous cycle mentioned in 4G, after the frequency rises to an unprecedented height, the antenna also becomes shorter, which is a joy for mobile phones. The important technology of 5G is the enhanced mass antenna technology (Massive MIMO). In addition to the many advantages of millimeter wave, there are some important disadvantages. After high frequency, the propagation ability will be worse. The ability to penetrate walls will also be weakened, which means that the coverage of 5G base stations will be a relatively large problem, and great resources, human, financial and technical, must be invested to deploy the 5G network range.

5G base station deployment

At present, the solution for 5G is "micro base stations". There are two types of base stations. One is the "macro base station" that we usually see. It has a wide coverage and a large volume. The other is a relatively small "micro base station" that can be installed indoors. To improve the shortcoming of 5G millimeter wave transmission distance, it can only be solved by adding the number of micro base stations. The current assumption is: macro base stations are used outdoors and micro base stations are used indoors, so the popularity of 5G still needs money.

For us ordinary people, 5G is faster and lower latency, which is really convenient. However, it will take some time to deploy a large amount of costs. When 5G is popular, it is likely to cause new changes in many industries.

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