IoT gateway
Gateway
(Gateway) is also known as the network gateway, protocol converter. The gateway
implements network interconnection above the network layer. It is the most
complex network interconnection device and is only used for different network
interconnections of two high-level protocols. Gateways can be used for both WAN
and LAN interconnections. A gateway is a computer system or device that acts as
a conversion. The gateway is a translator between two systems that use
different communication protocols, data formats or languages, or even
completely different architectures. Unlike bridges that simply convey
information, the gateway repackages the received information to suit the needs
of the destination system. The basic function of 4G industrial gateways is to
connect two heterogeneous networks, which is especially common in industrial
IoT scenarios, where sensor networks often use electrical signals and protocols
that are completely different from the normal network layer (long-haul
transmission networks). 4G industrial gateway function composition Network
layer signal interface It mainly undertakes the docking task of network layer
signals. Compared with the perceptual layer signal interface, the network layer
signal interface is generally much simpler, because usually the entire system
only needs one standard long-distance network and its protocol, so the
corresponding hardware interface and data transceiving software is relatively
simple. However, this is not to say that it can only support one type. In
practical applications, manufacturers of industrial gateways are often designed
to support multiple forms of long-haul networks to achieve product versatility.
A specific form can be a way to configure multiple interfaces at the same time,
or you can design a product in the form of a configuration plug-in card so that
users can choose different configurations to configure when they leave the
factory. The sensor layer signal interface is mainly responsible for the
docking of the signals of various devices in the sensor network. The module
includes hardware interfaces for interfacing different electrical signals, as
well as corresponding data acquisition and command transmission software. In
order to solve the complexity of the sensing layer, industrial gateway vendors
will equip the hardware interface and protocol combination of the sensing layer
signal interface according to their respective target application areas.
In-Place Database In some scenarios for complex data processing or other
in-place business logic processing, the processed data also needs to be stored
in the gateway local database. Since industrial gateways generally belong to
embedded computing devices, such databases also generally use embedded
databases. The embedded database is simple in function and has a memory buffer
to improve access speed. Local Business Logic It primarily handles the business
logic of the devices, sensors, and actuator-related local systems connected to
the sensor-associated sensor network portion. The richness and complexity of
the local business logic modules of different gateways vary widely. If there is
no such functional module in the industrial gateway, it is often referred to as
a data transfer gateway, protocol converter or communication manager. For a detailed
description of the in-place business logic, see Edge Calculation. Data
Processing Device-side data processing mainly solves data mismatch problems.
That is, the scope, frequency, integrity, etc. of the data required by the
server. The purpose of data processing is to sort the data in the input
interface, convert it to a data format suitable for output, and push it to the
output interface. The input and output can be played by the device or server,
so the data stream is bidirectional and varies depending on the type of data.
Other Features In addition to the main modules above, the gateway often
configures its functional user interface, either using buttons, command lines
(via Telnet or serial ports), or using a graphical interface (such as a
built-in web server or even a panel). If the gateway has the appropriate
business logic, it may also need tools to load script files, configuration
files, and so on, all of which are required by local business logic. As a
remote device, the self-maintenance of 4G industrial gateways
is also very important. In general, you need to take advantage of your own
connection to the server, automatically download your own software update
package from the server and complete the update. Partial setup and
configuration work should also be done through remote login to reduce the
on-site maintenance costs of expatriates and improve the response speed to user
needs.
The
Internet of Things gateway will play a very important role in the future
Internet of Things era, and it will become the link between the
connection-aware network and the traditional communication network. As a
gateway device, the IoT gateway can realize the protocol conversion between the
sensing network and the communication network and different types of sensing networks.
It can realize wide area interconnection and local area interconnection. In
addition, the IoT gateway needs to have the device management function. The
operator can manage the underlying sensing nodes through the IoT gateway
device, understand the related information of each node, and realize remote
control. Figure 1 schematically shows a typical topology of the Internet of
Things built with an IoT gateway.
Features
1.Broad
accessibility
Currently,
there are many technical standards for short-range communication, and only
common WSNs technologies include Lonworks, ZigBee, 6LowPAN, and RUBEE. Various
technologies are mainly developed for an application, and there is a lack of
compatibility and system planning. At present, domestic and foreign companies
have already started standardization work for IoT gateways, such as 3GPP and
sensor working groups, to realize interconnection and intercommunication of
various communication technology standards.
2.Manageability
Strong
management capabilities are essential for any large network. First, you need to
manage the gateway, such as registration management, rights management, and
status monitoring. The gateway implements the management of nodes in the
subnet, such as obtaining the identity, status, attributes, and energy of the
node, as well as remotely implementing wakeup, control, diagnosis, upgrade, and
maintenance. Due to the different technical standards of subnets and the
complexity of protocols, gateways have different management capabilities. It is
proposed to manage different sensing networks and different applications based
on the modular IoT gateway mode, and ensure unified management of the stub
network nodes by using a unified management interface technology.
3.Protocol
conversion capability
Protocol
conversion from different sensing networks to access networks, unified
encapsulation of data in the standard format of the lower layer, ensuring that
protocols of different sensing networks can become unified data and signaling;
parsing packets sent by upper layers into sensing Signaling and control
instructions that the layer protocol can recognize.
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